Maven+TestNg+Java框架的具体实现
环境要求需要自己安装maven及Java，这里不再赘述。我这边开发工具用的IDEA，大家可以根据自己的喜好选择。
基础服务创建与编码
新建项目，创建基础服务模块，我选择maven自动创建目录目录结构（maven-archetype-quickstart），因为是http协议这边需要引入http项目文件，模块pom引用内容如下：
IDEA可以根据引用的类明去寻找引入依赖，选择要引入的依赖文件就可以了。如图所示
选择要引用的项目，添加即可。家里网络原因没有搜索到包含类的项目，大家可以试验一下，我项目里边基本都这么引入依赖的。
Http请求代码实现如下：
public class HttpClientHelper {
public HttpResponse methodPostHttpEntity(String url, HttpEntity httpEntity, boolean noNeedResponse) {
//post请求返回结果
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
//10秒超时
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, 10000);
httpClient.getParams().setParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 10000);
HttpResponse jsonResult = null;
HttpPost method = new HttpPost(url);
//设置post编码
try {
if (null != httpEntity) {
method.setEntity(httpEntity);
// System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(method.getEntity(),"UTF-8"));
}
// method.setHeader("Content-Type","application/json");
HttpResponse httpResponser = httpClient.execute(method);
/**请求发送成功，并得到响应**/
try {
if (noNeedResponse) {
return null;
}
/**把json字符串转换成json对象**/
jsonResult = httpResponser;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return jsonResult;
}
public HttpResponse methodPostStringEntity(String url, StringEntity stringEntity, boolean noNeedResponse) {
HttpEntity httpEntity = stringEntity;
HttpClientHelper httpClientHelper = new HttpClientHelper();
return httpClientHelper.methodPostHttpEntity(url,httpEntity,noNeedResponse);
}
public HttpResponse methodPostParams(String url,Map params,boolean noNeedResponse){
// 添加参数
Listformparams = new ArrayList();
for (Map.Entry entry:params.entrySet())
formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey().toString(), entry.getValue().toString()));
// 设置请求的编码格式
HttpEntity httpEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, Consts.UTF_8);
HttpClientHelper httpClientHelper = new HttpClientHelper();
return httpClientHelper.methodPostHttpEntity(url,httpEntity,noNeedResponse);
}
}
至此，基础模块编码完成。
接口自动化模块创建与编码
创建接口自动化模块，模块实现接口请求及响应编码自动化测试。
Pom引入基础服务和testNg，引用内容如下：
以登录为例实现整个过程
1. 准备全局配置数据
在setting包下创建配置默认数据
public class GlobalSetings {
public static String baseUrl = "http://127.0.0.1/sevend/";
public static String platform = "1";
public static String lon = "113.922619";
public static String bb="bb";
public static String sign="cd9447162c1bb9faeba6423dfa6eb9d9";
public static String t="1467257521";
public static String network_type="WIFI";
public static String imei="867600025565119";
public static String appversion="3.8.0";
public static String lat = "22.48735";
public static String channel="anzhi_market";
public static String os="6.0";
public static String model="HUAWEI_MT7";
}
2. 编写登录接口API请求及数据响应
public class Login {
public static JSONObject doLoginByHttpClientHelper(String mobile, String passWord){
String verifyKey = "426006f9-22f2-4e2c-adaa-efe96ae51a87";
String verifyCode = "1234";
return Login.doLoginByHttpClientHelper(mobile,passWord,verifyKey,verifyCode);
}
public static JSONObject doLoginByHttpClientHelper(String mobile, String passWord,String verifyKey,String verifyCode){
String fullUrl=GlobalSetings.baseUrl+"login";
JSONObject response = new JSONObject();
try {
String pwd = new Encrypter().rsaEncrypt(passWord).toString();
if(mobile.equals(null) || pwd.equals(null)) {
response.put("error_msg","用户名或密码为空");
return response;
}
JSONObject requestData = new JSONObject();
//请求Head数据
requestData.put("platform",GlobalSetings.platform);
requestData.put("lon",GlobalSetings.lon);
requestData.put("bb",GlobalSetings.bb);
requestData.put("sign",GlobalSetings.sign);
requestData.put("t",GlobalSetings.t);
requestData.put("network_type",GlobalSetings.network_type);
requestData.put("imei",GlobalSetings.imei);
requestData.put("appversion",GlobalSetings.appversion);
requestData.put("lat",GlobalSetings.lat);
requestData.put("channel",GlobalSetings.channel);
requestData.put("os",GlobalSetings.os);
requestData.put("model",GlobalSetings.model);
//请求Body数据
requestData.put("mobile",mobile);
requestData.put("pwd", pwd);
requestData.put("verify_key", verifyKey);
requestData.put("verify_code", verifyCode);
HttpEntity httpEntity = new StringEntity(requestData.toString(), "UTF-8");
HttpClientHelper httpClientHelper = new HttpClientHelper();
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClientHelper.methodPostHttpEntity(fullUrl,httpEntity,false);
//响应状态判断
if(httpResponse != null && httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != 200){
return null;
}
//响应数据返回
httpEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
if(httpEntity.equals(null)){
return null;
}else{
response = JSONObject.fromObject(EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity,"UTF-8"));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
response.put("code","800");
response.put("error_msg",e.getMessage());
}
return response;
}
}
我这里为了方便调用使用的是静态方法，当然为了不暴露方法可以使用非静态来调用。
3. 准备登录测试案例，实现登录套件
public class LoginSuit {
public static JSONObject doLogin(String mobile, String passWord,String appVersion){
//密码加密，需要替换为自己使用的加密算法
String pwd = new Encrypter().rsaEncrypt(passWord).toString();
JSONObject registResult = new JSONObject();
if(mobile == null || mobile.equals(null) || passWord == null || passWord.equals(null)){
registResult.put("code","10000");
registResult.put("msg","缺少注册参数");
return registResult;
}
JSONObject responseJson = new JSONObject();
JSONObject responseData = new JSONObject();
responseJson = Login.doLoginByStringEntity(mobile,pwd,appVersion);
// System.out.print("response:"+responseJson);
return responseJson;
}
@Test(dataProvider = "checkLogin",dataProviderClass = TestDataProvider.class,groups = "checkLogin")
public static void getLogin(String mobile,String passWord,String exceptCode){
JSONObject re = LoginSuit.doLogin(mobile,passWord,null);
System.out.println(re.toString());
Assert.assertEquals(re.get("code").toString(),exceptCode);
}
}
4. 准备登录数据
public class TestData {
//验证登录数据
public static Object[] loginSuccess = {"15610000001","123456","0"};
public static Object[] passwordError = {"15610000001","111111","3011"};
public static Object[] mobileError = {"15610000000","111111","3002"};
}
public class TestDataProvider {
@DataProvider(name = "checkLogin")
public static Object[][] chedkLoginData(){
return new Object[][] {TestData.loginSuccess,TestData.passwordError,TestData.mobileError};
}
}
5. 运行测试套件，检验接口状态，出现下图信息说明接口已经调通
至此，整个自动化核心架构已经完成。其余工作就是将所有需要测试接口按项目按模块添加调试即可。
各包作用及如何串联
Com.dafy.autotest.sevend.api：实现需要做自动化的各个接口
Com.dafy.autotest.sevend.setings：服务固定参数的配置，例如数据库，服务url等
Com.dafy.autotest.sevend.testdata：用于初始化测试数据
Com.dafy.autotest.sevend.suit：功能流程实现与测试用例预期结果比对，用于判定接口功能实现正确性
整个架构的核心是suit，Suit实现各个接口调用及响应数据断言。通过@Test(dataProvider = "checkLogin",dataProviderClass = TestDataProvider.class,groups = "checkLogin")将测试数据与测试套件相关联。如此便通过数据驱动测试的执行。
TestNg这个框架包含很多内容，这两篇主要是依托testNg来构建接口测试的自动化，也就是给大家提供一个自动化的思路。关于TestNg的其他内容及教程可以搜索其他博主的文章学习。
